Additional Capital, in production of precious metals not withdrawn in money, but increased by production of more precious metals, 377.
Additional Capital, its function in differences of turn-over, 311.
Additional Capital, required for normal conservation of fixed capital, belongs to the circulating capital, 200.
Advanced Capital, a clear conception of its nature necessary for understanding of turn-over, 352.
Agricultural Capital, its peculiar movements, 112.
Auction Sales, their effect on the market supply of commodities, 291.
Auxiliary Materials, circulate only their value by transfer to the product, like the fixed capital, 180.
Auxiliary Materials, do not circulate their value piecemeal, like fixed capital, but transfer it wholly to the product, like raw materials, 186.
Auxiliary Materials, mistakenly classified by Ramsay as fixed capital, 180.
Auxiliary Materials, some of them may transfer both substance and value to the product, 186.
Average Rate of Profit, problem offered by Engels to official economists, 28.
B Bailey, his idea of value, 121. Bookkeeping, unproductive expense of circulation, 151.
Capital, an expression of labor, 81.
Capital, distinctive mark of its commodity-form from its money-form, 55.
Capital, in a fallow state, 139.
Capital, industrial defined, 59. (See also Industrial Capital, Productive Capital, and Agricultural Capital.)
Capital, its different functions expressed through different forms, 57.
Capital, its individual and social role in circulation, 64, 110.
Capital, its money-form superior to its commodity-form from a capitalist point of view, 84.
Capital, its forms differ when individually and socially considered, 426.
Capital, its release in the various periods of turn-over, 300.
Capital, latent, must increase in proportion as reproduction is irregular, Capital, rotation of its different forms, Capitalist, must be money-capitalist in his relation to the laborer, 68.
Capitalist Production, its development increases commodity-supply, 163.
Capitalist Production, its influence on building trade, 266.
Capitalist Production, its main elements, 44.
Circulating Capital, a portion always in the form of released capital, 320.
Circulating Capital, consists of raw and auxiliary • materials and labor- Circulating Capital, distinguished from capital of circulation, 218.
Circulating Capital, its elements continually reproduced in their natural form, not interruptedly as those of fixed capital, 191.
Circulating Capital, its form conceals surplus-value, 248.
Circulating Capital, not distinguished by economists from variable capital, Circulation, agents of, paid by agents of production, 144.
Circulation, does not change its unproductive character by transfer, 148.
Circulation, illusive character of its typical formula, 69.
Circulation, its expenses, see expenses.
Circulation, of commodities, its general laws do not apply to functional sections of cycles of individual capital, 129.
Circulation, its role in determining the meaning of fixed and circulating capital, 246.
Circulation, its three cycles simultaneous phases of industrial capital, Circulation, its three diagrams, 114.
Circulation, of capitalist commodities, influence circulation of other commodities, 125.
Circulation, of commodities, its law, Circulation, of money, has for its starting point the capitalist class, Circulation, necessary in process of reproduction, but itself unproductive, Circulation, time _ of, 138. (See also time of circulation).
Classification, of reproduction, in a vague way, 131.
Commercial Crisis, caused by irregularities in the turn-over of capital, Commercial Crisis, interferes with smooth flow of reproduction, 475.
Commercial Crisis, through lack of balance in production, 545.
Commodities, formation of supply may require productive labor and add value to product, 156.
Index.
Commodities, formation of normal supply an expense adding value, 167.
Commodities, formation of abnormal supply, decreases value, 168.
Commodities, general formation of supply, 155.
Commodities, the ideal and real separation of the value of different kinds, 75.
Commodities, their voluntary and involuntary supply, 166.
Commodities, the typical form of products under capitalism, 43.
Commodities, when revenue and when capital, 449.
Commodity-Capital, its transformation into Money-Capital, 48.
Commodity-Capital, different circulation as surplus-value and capitalvalue, 76.
Commodity-Capital, general formula of its circulation, 98.
Commodity-Capital, separation of its value into capital-value and surplus- Complaints, of employers characteristic of early stage of capitalist develop- Concentration of Capital, promoted by credit, 268.
Consumption, individual, of capitalist, not included in formula of reproduction of money-capital, 56, 66.
Consumption, individual and productive interrelated, 106.
Consumption, not identical with sale, Consumption, productive, a part of the cycle of capital, 85.
Continuity, essential to capitalist re- Credit, complicates relations between originally advanced capital and capitalized surplus-value, 368.
Credit, not analyzed in volume II, (See volume III).
Credit-System, its influence on individual and social turn-over of capital, Crisis, commercial, new basis for cycles of turn-over, 211.
Crisis, commercial, due to decrease in exchange of capitals, 87.
Crop Rotation, its influence on turnover of capital, 282.
Demand, may be demand for payment or demand for consumption, 87.
Depreciation, allowed for in capital calculation as necessary, 203.
Depreciation of fixed Capital, through disuse, adds value to product, 276.
Destutt de Tracy, his theory of reproduction criticized, 560.
Differences, real and apparent, in turnover of component parts of capital, Distance, of markets, affects turn-over of capital, 285.
Distribution, its meaning in capitalist production, 40.
Division of _ Labor, does not make an unproductive function productive, Elements of Production, their different forms, 45.
Exchange, between constant and variable capitals of the two departments of reproduction, 462.
Exchange, between the two departments of reproduction, 460.
Exchange, within department II, for reproduction, 465.
Expansion of capital, intensive and extensive, 195.
Expenses of Circulation, 147.
Expenses of Circulation, due to storage and formation of supply, enter in part into value of commodities, 157.
Expenses of Circulation, general rule determining whether they add value Expenses of Circulation, genuine, 147.
Expenses of Circulation, if preserving use-value of product, preserve also exchange-value, 158.
Expenses of Storage, may add valut and surplus-value to the product, Expenses of Transportation, add valui to product, 170.
Fixed Capital, its peculiar form, 178.
Fixed Capital, its circulation only s circulation of value, not of substance, Fixed Capital, difficulty in analyzing role of money in reproduction o{ wear and tear, 529.
Fixed Capital, its distinction from circulating capital not due to theii different role in production but to their different mode of turn-over, 189- Fixed Capital, its distinction from circulating capital refers only to prod uctive capital, not to commoditycapital and money-capital, 190.
Fixed Capital, its durability determines ratio of its transfer of value, Fixed Capital, its effectiveness, increased by more intensive exploitation of labor without an increase of capital, 409.
Fixed Capital, its individual elements have different periods of turn-over, Fetishism, typical of bourgeois economy, 257.
Fixed Capital, accumulation of a reserve fund of money for its reproduction, 185.
Fixed Capital, distinguished from circulating capital by different mode of turn-over, 187.
Fixed Capital, its peculiar role in the turn-over of capital, 185.
Fixed Capital, its reproduction in a natural form, 532.
Fixed Capital, its turn-over comprizes several turn-overs of circulating Capital, 190.
Index.
Fixed Capital, its value advanced in one lump sum, but recovered in installments, 190.
Fixed Capital, mistaken for constant capital, 182.
Fixed Capital, may lose its character as such under certain circumstances, Fixed Capital, not necessarily immov- Fixed Capital, requires periodical investment of additional capital for repairs and labor-power, 198.
H Hoard, of money, its development into loanable capital, 576. Hoard, of money, its formation under reproduction on an enlarged scale, Hoarding, a phase in the circulation of capital, 60.
I Industrial Capital, its first and subsequent investments, 70.
Industrial Capital, its individual volume depends on social conditions, Industrial Capital, makes independent money-capital and commodity-capital subordinate to itself, 63.
Industrial Capital, only a part actively engaged in process of production, if production is to proceed uninterruptedly, 305.
Interest, not analyzed in volume II, see volume III.
Irregularities, in the process of reproduction, 130.
Labor, advanced by laborer to capitalist, 247.
Labor, resolves itself into necessary and surplus-labor, 443.
Labor, spent in keeping fixed capital in normal working order is an element of circulating capital, 197.
Laborer, his point of view concerning his relation to money-capital, 38.
Labor-Power, its decreasing proportion to the means of production, 134.
Labor-Power, its quantitative and qualitative relation to money-capital, Labor-Power, its productive consump- Labor-Power, social, a portion of it expended in the production of gold and silver, 375.
Labor-Time, its role in the process of production, 141.
Labor-Time, small compared to time of production in timber raising, 272.
Latent Capital, its different forms, 330.
Latent Capital, not productive of surplus-value, 342.
Legislation, distinguishes between natural wear and tear of fixed capital and occasional repairs, 201.
M Machinery, when fixed capital and when merely commodity-capital, 181.
Manuscripts of Marx for volume II, Manuscripts of Marx, for volume III, Market Combinations, their effect on the turn-over of capital, 364.
Market-Prices, of products, may mean loss or gain of capital, 334.
Marx, Karl, his theory of surplus-value vindicated, 24.
Material, when circulating and when fixed capital, 251.
Means of Production, their relation to money-capital, 34.
Mechanism of capitalism, its abnormalities are not a sound basis for theoretical analysis of capitalist economics, 595.
Merchants' Capital, its relation to industrial capital, 126.
Money, a homogeneous medium for measuring the turn-over of capital, Money, advanced in exchange of commodities flows back to advancing capitalist, 478.
Money, as a reserve fund, 96.
Money, in circulation, its quantity so much smaller the more frequently it is advanced, 480.
Money, in excess of value of commodities does not increase value in circulation, 464.
Money, its relation to money-capital, Money, its role as a hoard, 95.
Money, its role in the reproduction of the wear and tear of fixed capital, Money, not consumed productively or individually, 154.
Money, historical order of its forms, Money, increased speed of its circulation does not necessarily mean a more rapid turn-over of capital, 395.
Money, may be capital in one hand and revenue in another, 511.
Money, the quantity used for the circulation of the annual product must have been produced in previous years, except the small amount needed to make up for depreciation, Money, the tangible form of value, 65.
Money-Capital, additional, when required, 122.
Money-Capital, composition of value of its elements, 47.
Money-Capital, its circulation the typical form of circulation of industrial capital, 67.
Money-Capital, its own limitations and their influence in limiting social capital, 412.
Money-Capital, its three stages of circulation, 31.
Money-Capital, its first stage of circulation analyzed, 32.
Money-Capital, its second stage of circulation, 41.
Index.
Money-Capital, its third stage o£ circulation, 4(5.
Money-Capital, its transformation into productive capital, 36.
Money-Capital, latent, its different forms, 402. (See also Latent and Potential Capital).
Money-Capital, virtual, its growth through hoarded surplus-value, 582.
Money-Capital, released by mechanism of turn-over, 322.
Money, reproduction of its supply, 547.
Money-Capital, significance of its cycles as surplus-value and capital-value, 51.
Money-Capital, two errors of conception, 39.
Money-Capital, two observations concerning its money-form, 52.
Money-System, common to all stages of commodity-production, 132.
Money System, its characteristic signature, 37.
Overproduction, a necessary consequence of reproduction on an enlarged scale, 202.
Owen, Richard, his communism based upon Ricardo's economics, 21.
Phlogistic Theory, its analogy to theory of surplus-value, 23.
Physiocrats, do not confuse capital of circulation with circulating capital, Physiocrats, their theory of fixed and circulating capital, 215.
Physiocrats, their theory of reproduc- Potential Capital, 290.
Prices, confusion of cause and effect in their fluctuations, 393.
Prices, effect of their change on turnover of Capital. 326.
Prices, their fall requires additional money-capital to fill up turn-over, Prices, their rise releases capital in turn-over, 328.
Production, see Capitalist Production.
Production, of precious metals, a dead expense of social labor-power and means of production, 399.
Production, of precious metals throws additional money into circulation, Production, social, its two departments, Production, social, its volume reduced by production of precious metals, Production, time of, 138. (See also Time of Production.)
Productive Capital, its function requires combination of labor-power and means of production, 109.
Productive Capital, its periodical reproduction, 72.
Productive Capital, its reproduction on an enlarged scale, 89.
Productive Capital, its simple reproduction, 73.
Productive Industries, without commodities, 61.
Productive Supply, 281, 302.
Profit, average rate of, solution of problem promised in volume III, 28.
Profit, not analyzed in volume II, see volume III.
Proportion, of quantities and qualities of elements of production determines scale of reproduction, 94.
Prosperity, of working class an indication of approaching crisis, 476.
Railroads, their development shortens turn-over of capital, 286.
Railroads, their extension builds up the world market, 287.
Recapitulation, of what has gone before on the subject of production and circulation in volumes I and Release of Capital, does not take place when working period equal to circulation period, 319.
Release, of capital, in the turn-over, Released Capital, its amount determined by differences of turn-over, Released Capital, passes into money market, 323.
Released Capital, the opinion of Engels concerning its significance, 324.
Repairs, juggling with this term and reproduction, 205.
Repairs, not clearly distinguished from reproduction, 204.
Reproduction, comprises productive and individual consumption, 405. ' Reproduction, its entire cycle, 404.
Reproduction, its general formula P-P' does not indicate capitalist character of production as does M-M,' 104.
Reproduction, its scale varied by rapidity of transformation of commodity-capital into money-capital Reproduction, of the capitals of the two departments of production, 459.
Reproduction, of social capital, on an enlarged scale, 571.
Reproduction, of values and of substance, 454.
Reproduction, on a simple scale, 455.
Reproduction, on a simple scale, found in reproduction on an enlarged scale, Reserve Fund, of money, not a part of money-capital in functien, 97.
Ricardo, David, accepted the theory of Adam Smith concerning composition of value, 450.
Ricardo, David, failure of his school, Ricardo, David, his conception of surplus-value criticized, 18, 19.
Ricardo, David, his confusion of fixed, circulating variable and constant capital criticized, 255.
Ricardo, David, his definition of fixed and circulating capital, 254.
Ricardo, David, his vise of the theory of fixed and circulating capital, 241* Index.
en Rodbertus, his charge of plagiarism Rodbertus, his theory of ground rent analyzed, 15. Rotation, of money distinguished from its circulation, 394.
Sale, of commodities, its amount influences turn, 331.
Savage Producer, indifferent to labor Sinking Fund, for reproduction of fixed capital, 206.
Sinking Fund, for fixed capital, its role in the formation of a money-hoard, Sismondi, his conception of merchants' capital, 127.
Sismondi, his theory of commercial crises, 26.
Smith, Adam, believed that the entire value of the social product resolved itself into wages and surplus-value, Smith, Adam, his analysis of capital and revenue, 436.
Smith, Adam, his analysis of capital and revenue dissected, 437.
Smith, Adam, his composition of value criticized, 419.
Smith, Adam, his conception of the composition of the value of commodities, 418.
Smith, Adam, his confusion in the matter of fixed and circulating capital transmitted to other economists, 227.
Smith, Adam, his confusion of fixed and circulating capital criticized, 216 Smith, Adam, his idea that the value of products must be paid in last instance by consumers is true only, if by "consumers" is meant both individual and productive consumers, Smith, Adam, his inconsistencies exposed, 429.
Smith, Adam, his juggling with constant capital, 430.
Smith, Adam, his progress and shortcomings in the formulation of a theory of fixed and circulating capi- Smith, Adam, his retrogression in the analysis of reproduction, 415.
Smith, Adam, his shallow conception of the amount of money required for the circulation of the annual product, 554.
Smith, Adam, his theory of surplusvalue criticized, 16, 17.
Smith, Adam, mistakes supply of usevalues for supply of commodities, Smith, Adam, realizes significance of departments of means of production and means of consumption, 421.
Smith, Adam, results of his confusion Smith, Adam, the scientific parts of his theory of reproduction summed up, Social Plan, not followed in capitalist production, 196.
Speculation, its influence in the circulation of capital, 362.
Surplus, of products, an evil under Capitalism, 546.
Surplus-Value, apparent contradictions in its law, 343.
Surplus-Value, appropriated in production, distributed in circulation, Surplus-Value, hoarded as latent money-capitalj 369.
Surplus- Value, in simple reproduction, Surplus- Value, influence of circulation on its rate misinterpreted, 340.
Surplus-Value, influence of its accumulation on circulation, 367.
Surplus- Value, its accumulation, not its expenditure as private revenue, essential in capitalist production, Surplus-Value, its capitalization expressed by formula P-P,' 91.
Surplus- Value, its circulation under accumulation, 397.
Surplus- Value, its function in the turn- Surplus- Value, its rate and mass in the turn-over of capital, 339.
Surplus-Value, its realization in commodity-capital, 50.
Surplus- Value, its role in buying and selling, 133.
Surplus-Value, laws relating to it are in force only for capital actually invested in working process, 341.
Surplus-Value, money for its realization thrown into circulation by capitalist class, 385.
Surplus- Value, spent as revenue, is eliminated from the cycle of capital, Surplus- Value, used for reproduction of fixed capital, its peculiar role in circulation, 367.
Suspended Capital, see Released Capi- Swindling, its influence in the circulation of capital, 362.
Time of Circulation, its influence on the scale of production, 295.
Time of Production, greater than working period, 273.
Time of production, in agriculture, its influence on house industry, 275.
Time of Production, its difference from the working time particularly apparent in agriculture, 274.
Transportation, its improvement reduces time of circulation, 332.
Technical Revolutions, their influence on values, 121.
Thompson, William, quoted as a representative of Utopian socialists, 21.
Time of Circulation, 138.
Time of Circulation, causes concealing its unproductive character, 143.
Time of Circulation, its absolute limit the durability of commodities, 145.
Time of Circulation, limits time of production, 142.
Time of Circulation, not productive of surplus-value, 142.
Index.
Time of Production, includes delays of product in process of production, 138.
Transportation, its development does not reduce latent supply of commodities, but merely changes its Transportation, its peculiar productive character in circulation, 172.
Transportation, produces change of location, 62.
Turn-Over, effect of its prolongation on small farmers, 269.
Turn-Over, of Capital, its differences basis of terms of credit, 288.
Turn-Over, of capital, differences of its three formulae, 174.
Turn-Over, of capital, distinguished from reproduction of its parts, 210.
Turn-Over, of capital, inaccuracy of Turn-Over, of capital, influence of comparative length of its periods of circulation and production on differences, 305.
Turn-Over, of capital invested in cattle raising shortened by new strains, Turn-Over, of Capital, its cycles, 208.
Turn-Over, of capital, its cycles expanded or contracted by reserve capital, 304.
Turn-Over, of capital, its influence on the rate of surplus-value, 358.
Turn-Over, of capital, its role in the process of circulation, 135.
Turn-Over, of capital, its time determined by sum of time of production plus time of circulation, 176.
Turn-Over, of capital, its time from capitalist point of view signifies time of return of original capital, 177.
Turn-Over of capital, means return of advanced value to its original form plus surplus-value, 173.
Turn-Over, of Capital, significance of different cycles for formation of surplus-value and of product, 175.
Value, additional created by latent capital, 140. Value, influence of its reduction on reproduction of capital, 123. Value, its revolutions do not change proportions of its elements, 455. Value, its selfdeveloping and automatic nature, 120. Value, of annual social product, difficult to analyze, because its constant portion consists of different class of products than its new portion, 501.
Value, of commodities, dissected, 447.
Value, of product, distinguished from product in values, 508.
Value, of Commodities, only temporarily changed by fluctuations in Value, of past labor and capital in specious argument of Carey, 410.
Variable Capital, formulae of its turn- Variable Capital, its individual role in the turn-over, 354.
Variable Capital, its turn-over coincides only with first phase of turnover of circulating constant capi- Variable Capital, its turn-over from a social point of view, 359.
Variable Capital, no revenue for laborer, 520.
w Wage- Laborer, in circulation, unproductive, 150.
Wages, a part of past labor used as a draft upon future labor, 82.
Wages, their depression below normal level a means of releasing variable capitable, 594.
"Wear and Tear, defined as transfer of value to the product and loss of use-value, 194.
Wear and Tear, of fixed capital, calculated on its average life-time, 109.
Wear and Tear, of fixed capital, due to use, natural forces, condition of material, 193.
Wear and Tear, virtual, 193.
Working Day, social, the value of its product always contains a part of the value of past labor, 497.
Working Period, a continuous succession of productive periods insured by division of capital into productive and reserve capital, 303.
Working- Period, its differences cause difference in turn-over and amount of capital required, 261.
Working-Period, its different forms, Working- Period, its prolongation requires additional circulating capital, Working Period, shortened by productivity of labor, 267.
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