However, from this point of view physicians and officials would also form two classes, for they belong to the two distinct social groups, and the revenues of their members flow from the same common source. The same would also be true of the infinite dissipation of interests and positions created by the social division of labor among laborers, capitalists and landlords. For instance, the landlords are divided into owners of vineyards, farms, forests, mines, fisheries. [Here the manuscript ends.]
END OF VOLUME III.
INDEX.
A Agricultural labor, as a special occu pation, a modern product, 74;.'. Abolition of Capitalism within the cap- Agricultural Production, the price of italist mode of production, 519.
Absolute and relative growth of surplus-value with a falling rate of profit, Absolute Ground Rent, arises when agricultural capital sets in motion more surplus-labor than an industrial capital Absolute Rent, a surplus of value above the price of production, when agri production of its worst soil is always the regulating market price of production, 770.
Agricultural Products, may be sold as a whole below their value while industrial products are sold above their Agriculture, its capitalist form considered as a basis of the Marxian analysis of ground rent, 720.
cultural products are sold at a monoo- Agriculture, its capitalist form implies Absolute Rent, the cause of the increased price of agricultural products, 886. Absolute Rent, plays an important part in extractive industries, 897. Absolute Rent, conditioned either upon the expropriation of the rural laborers from the land, 721. Agriculture, its rational management prevented by capitalist production, 144. American Firms, ruined by English overspeculation, 655.
the realized surplus above the price Annual Product, its value equal to wages of production or upon a monopoly plus surplus-value, 971.
price exceeding the value of the prod- Appreciation of capital in value may be uct, 936. accompanied by a fall of the rate of Absolute Overproduction of capital, 299. profit, 134.
Abstinence, in the form of actual saving. Auxiliary Capital used for circulation falls upon the shoulders of those, by the industrial capitalist creates no who get the least reward under cap- value or surplus-value, 343.
italism, 596. Average Rate of Interest, instruction Accident, its role in the determination how to find it, 426.
of a general rate of interest, 427. Average Profit defined, 18G.
Actual Capital, its relation to money- Average rate of profit appears as a mucapital, 559. tual compensation of capitalists, 246.
Additional Capital, its investrnent in ag- Average Rate of Profit, causes which riculture influenced by stringency or turn the law of its fall into a tendency, Additional Capital, a case where its Average Profit depends on profits of indoubling trebles production, 817. dividual and on profits of social capi- Additional Capital, upon land, may bring tal, 187.
forth additional surplus profit, but at Average Rate of Profit determined by a decreasing rate, 803. two factors, 192.
Additional Capital, upon land, may bring Average Rate of Profit formed by the forth larger quantities of product than average of rates for each 100 of inoriginal investments, 805. vested capitals during a specified time.
Additional Capital, required for the 190.
withdrawal of the original capital from Average Rate of Profit, how it comes one soil and its transfer to another, about, 205.
may be invested with a falling, rising. Average Rate of Profit, its general foror constant rate of rent per acre, mation, 183.
818. Average Rate of Profit leads to difference Additional Capital, whose productivity between mass and rate of surplusis lower than that of the original cap- value and of profit, 198. ital invested in the worst soil, lowers Average Rate of Profit, theory of its the difference between the better and law explained, 248. the worst soil, 852. Average Rate of Profit, warring tenden- Adulteration, a means of raising the cies which try to raise and to lower rate of profit, 100. it, 273.
Advances on Bills, a regular practice of B Advantages resulting from release or Balance of Trade, in time of crisis tie-up of variable capital affect only against every commercially developed capital already engaged, 138. nation, 578.
Index.
Balance of Trade, its demand for money accommodation a demand for money and capital, 534. Balance of Trade, its difference from the balance of payment crowded into a shorter time by crises, 608. Balance of Trade, its relation to rates of exchange, t>94. Bank Act of 1844, in England, sought to transform all precious metals in the country into currency, 003. Bank Acts in England, almost caused ruin of Bank of England, 481. Bank an institution to centralize moneycapital, 473. Bank, makes a profit on credit, not on actual capital owned by it, 037. Banks, originally not credit but deposit institutions, 707. Banks, tax state for power granted to Bank Deposits, the possibility of their being far greater than the actual quantity of currency depends upon the purchases and sales and the resulting number of return wanderings of the Banker, his mania to consider all payments made by him as loans, 506. Banker, his profits proportionate to the amount of his banking capital, 476. Bankers, contradict each other, 610. Bankers don't analyze statistics of exports and imports, 627. Bankers, do not care to let go of money at any interest during a stringency, Bankers, don't expect to pay due bills in money, but in clearing house certificates, 629. Bankers, make profits out of the ruin of their victims, 634. Bankers, regard the money of the public as their property, 628. Bankers, speculate with deposits of their customers, 586. Banking Capital, its composition, 545. Bank Legislation in England, had for its purpose the raising of the rate of interest for the Bank of England, Bank Notes, accumulated during crises, Bank Note, the coin of wholesale trade, Bank Notes, their credit is good, 652. Bank of England, effect of its separation in two departments on the convertibility of its notes, 654. Bank of England, has power to fix market rate of interest during stringency, Bank of England, its internal circulation between its two departments, 514. Bank of England, its organization explained, 651. Bank of England, its security illusory, Bank of England, makes profits out of a stringency, 640. Bank Reserve, held intact even if the entire business of the country went to Bank Reserve, shows its spuriousness during crises, 633.
Bills of Exchange, are not good security, 635.
Bills of Exchange as a means of pay- Bills of Exchange represent the value of commodities just as a bank noie represents gold, 5U5.
Bills of Exchange, their enormous extension, 470.
Bread dear in Rome compared to modern times, 123.
Buildings, fall into the hands of landlord after the expiration of the lease, together with the land, 728.
Building Speculation, figures on ground rent, not on house rent, 899.
Bullion Trade first carried on with gold and silver, 375.
Cancelling Debts, a means of restoring the international balance, 676.
Capital and Labor-Power must be easily transferable from one sphere of production to another, 231.
Capital and Profit, the relations between their magnitude, composition and rate analysed, 165.
Capital, cannot yield interest without productive function, 444.
Capital, cheap when money is dear, 659.
Capital in a fallow state, 295.
Capital, changes in one of its elements, when passing a certain limit, compel corresponding changes in all other elements, 78.
Cajiital, in the economic meaning, is not the fruit of the saving of one's own, but of other people's means, 597.
Capital, in the relation between capital and profit, appears as a relation to itself, G2.
Capital invested in foreign countries may help to keep up the rate of profit Capital is the real barrier of capitalist production, 293.
Capital, its depreciation a check to the tendency of the rate of profit to fall, Capital, its elements in Cost Price, 43.
Capital, its growing accumulation implies its growing concentration, 310.
Capital, its movements in response to changes in the rate of interest, 693.
Capital of Circulation distinguished from Circulating Capital, 315.
Capital, of the whole society, dividedT" into two classes, 974.
Capital seeks spheres with high rates of Capitals of average, lower and higher composition and their rates of profit when wages fall, 238.
Capitals of lower, average and higher composition defined, 193.
Capitals, of the same organic composition, may have a different value-composition, 890.
Capitalism advances human development by wasting individual development, Capitalist becomes superfluous when su.
Index.
penntendence is left to wage labor- Circulating Money, its quantity increases ers, 456. durinfj times of prosperity, 520.
Capitalist, drawing profits of enterprise, Circulation, its time reduced principally appears as a laborer, 447. by improved means of communication.
Capitalist, his books show wages paid 86.
but not variable capital invested, 90. Circulation of currency, cannot be ex-Capitalist, his imagination analyzed, 245. panded without increasing the issue Capitalist, his misconception of the ori- of bank notes, 537.
gin oi profits, 16a. Circulation realizes the surplus-value pro-Capitalist is interested in surplus-value duced in sphere of production, 53. not in the use-value of the commodity Classes, not determined by the identity containing it, 54. of their revenues, 1032. Capitalist makes allowance for fluctua- Classes, what are their characteristic distions of profit, 243. tinctions, 1031. Capitalist, regarded as the laborer by Classic Economy, dissolved the false is-Saint Simon and his followers, 711. olation and ossification of the so-Capitalist, remembers influence of labor cial elements in vulgar economy, 967. on capital only when rate of profit is Class Rule defended as a law of nature, Capitalist sees things upside down in Clearing House, realizes the greatest capitalist production, 42. economy in currency, 611.
Capitalist view of the origin of profits Coal, saved by increase of pressure in Capitalist wastes laborer's life to save Coins, the same pieces perform services machinery, 104. for many different people, 525.
Capitalists individually and as a class in- Colonist, counts labor higher than capiterested in the exploitation of labor- tal, 807.
power, 232. Commerce develops products into corn-Capitalists compete against each other modities, 386.
individually but unite as a class against Commerce meets obstacles in the prethe working class, 233. capitalist forms of production, 393. Capitalist Production decreases relative Commerce originally the premise for the value of invested capital compared to transforination of crafts, rural domesmass of worked-up materials and ex- tic industry, and feudal agriculture ploited labor, 105. into capitalist enterprises, 395. Capitalists think only of their own sal- Commerce rules industry in precapitalist vation in a crisis, 488. stages of society, 389.
Capitalist Production, its twofold in- Commercial Capital abbreviates the procfluence on merchants' capital, 366. ess of transformation for the manu- Capitalist Production, its two peculiar facturer, 323.
traits, 1025. Commercial Capital, a changed form of Capitalist Production, - rationalizes agri- Capital of Circulation, 316.
culture by rendering it capable of Commercial Capital creates neither value operation on a social scale and reduc- nor surplus-value by buying and selling private ownership to an absurdity, ing, 331.
724. Commercial Capital, its independent oper- Capitalist Production relegates mer- ations analyzed, 320.
chants' capital to the position of an Commercial Capital, its movements differ agent of industrial capital, 385. from producers' commodity-capital, 319.
Capitalist Production, reverses the posi- Commercial Capital represents the comtions of the rational and the irrational, modity-capital of the producers in the 905. hands of merchants, 318.
Capitalist Production the basis of mod- Commercial Capital simplifies the buying ern commerce, 383. and selling relations of the industrial Capitalist System, its unsound policy capitalist, 347.
demonstrated by the demand that all Commercial Credit, if easy relieves inwealth is suddenly to be transformed dustrials and merchants from the presinto money, 673. sure of bank credit, 689.
Capitalization of rent has for its pre- Commercial Credit, its limits defined, 564.
mise the existence of rent, 730. Commercial Credit, the basis of the credit Carey, represents ground rent as identi- system, 562.
cal with interest, 729. Commercial Credit, two things to be Cattle Raising, determination of prices noted in its cycle, 563.
in it different from that in the pro- Commercial Labor realizes values but duction of staple crops, 891. does not create them, 351.
Causes of popular misconception of the Commercial Labor socially necessary and origin of profits, 362. productive of profit, but not of sur- Cereals, exported by colonies or new plus-value, 350.
countries at low prices, sold below the Commercial Price and Price of Producinternational price of production, 784. tion compared, 334.
Changes in composition of constant cap- Commercial Profit as seen on the surital, its causes, 74. face, 333.
Chemical Industry utilizing waste, 122. Commercial Profit determines the indus- Church, its role in the development of trial profit during precapitalist stages interest, 719. of society, 338.
Index.
Commercial Profit not surplus-value created by merchants, 330.
Commercial Profit originally a profit upon alienation, 388.
Commercial Selling Price based upon industrial price of production, 363.
Commercial Wage Workers are exploited as producers of profit but not of surplus-value, 346.
Commercial Wage Workers produce profits but not surplus-value, 345.
Commodities and Money are capital in the circulation only in their relations to the capitalist himself, 4U3.
Commodity, its value-composition analyzed, 40.
Commodities of average composition and their prices of production, 241.
Commodities, sacrificed for the sake of Commodities sold above and below Comparative Increase of Population and Surplus- Value, 275.
Competition detaches surplus-value from its source and gives it the appearance of a self-dependent value, 1165.
Competition does not show how value is determined, 244.
Competition, dominated by accident, from the individual standpoint, 964.
Competition of Lands, determined by opportunities offered to capitalists for investment, not by the wishes of land- Composition of average social capital represented in various spheres of production, 203.
Compound Interest a disguise for the public debt, 465.
Compound Interest, its possibilities, 466.
Concentration of capital and expropriation of direct producers go hand in Concentration of Money, enables individual capitalist to create a stringency, Concentration of merchants' capital precedes historically the concentration of industrial capital, 348.
Conflict between expansion of production and creation of values, 280.
Conflict between interests of individual capitalists and interests of capitalist class destroys some capital, 297.
Consignments to India, made purely for the sake of getting money advanced Constant Capital, can never be converted into revenue, 980.
Constant Capital, from a capitalist point of view is cheaper than variable capital, so far as cost price and not surplus-value is concerned, 806.
Constant Capital, how reproduced, although the total annual product of values is only equal to wages plus surplus-value, 986.
Constant Capital, its variation changes Constant Capital, its saving due to productivity of labor, 101.
Constant Capital, may be released or tied up by depreciation or appreciation of its component elements, 139.
Constant Capital, inay express the same value in money and yet represent different quantities of means of production, 77.
Contradiction, alleged, between Marx's theory of value and Average rate of profit, 18.
Contradiction between fall of average rate of profit and accumulation of capital inverted in consciousness of capitalists, 263.
Co-Operative Factories, a beginning of the new society within the old, 521.
Cost of Circulation requires additional merchants' capital and enters into the selling price of commodities, 339.
Cost price and Labor Cost (Value) compared, 38.
Cost Price contains only a part, not all of the fixed capital, 45.
Cost Price, its relation to the average rate of profit, 184.
Cost Price formed exclusively by capital actually consumed in production of commodity, 45.
Cost Price, its false role in capitalist economics, 40.
Cost Price may differ from its sum of values even in the case of commodities of average composition, 242.
Cost Price obliterates distinction between constant and variable capital, 44.
Cost prices of various lines of production contained in individual cost price of each capital, 188.
Cost Price smaller than value and price of production, 195.
Cotton Crisis 1861-1865, its history, 147 Cotton Workers in England, their condi- Counting the same item twice in the calculation of profits on social capital, Credit, accelerates the individual phases of circulation, 516.
Credit as an all-around practice, 472.
Credit, becomes meaningless as soon as means of production can no longer become capital, 713.
Credit, by means of fictitious capital, may keep up the appearance of sound business long after returns fail, 569.
Credit, easy during times of prosperity, Credit for industrial capital assured so long as the process of reproduction keeps going, 567.
Credit, grew out of the necessities of shippins; to far distant points, 718.
Credit, illusions about its effects in its early stages, 709.
Credit, promotes the velocity of the currency, 612.
Credit, three ways in which it economizes money, 515.
Credit, when prevalent, increases the velocity of money circulation faster than the prices of commodities, and creates the opposite condition, when scarce, 530.
Credit Money, its convertibility becomes problematical v/ith the e.xport of Index.
Credit Operations, changed the character of English business, 585.
Credit bwindlers, derive benefit from purely technical increase of loanable capital, 584.
Credit and Banking System, places at the disposal of commercial and industrial capitalists all the available and potential capital of society, 712.
Credit Mobilier, its germ contained in Saint Simon's credit theory, 714.
Credit System, appears as the main lever of overproduction and overspeculation, 522.
Credit System, centralizes money power in the hands of parasites, 641.
Credit System, circulates advances of currency, not of capital, 624.
Credit System, its development creates an oversensitiveness of the whole economic organism, 671.
Credit-System, its development has a tendency to depress the rate of inter- Credit System, its present form starts out with a recognition of interest as Credit System, suddenly changed into a monetary system during crises, 631.
Crises, exploited by money brokers, 493.
Crises first noted in wholesale business and banking, not in retail business, Crisis, its approach noticed by small banker through his dealing with small business men, 658.
Crisis, must be explained fundamentally by a disproportion between production and consumption, 568.
Crops, may exhaust or enrich the soil, according to bourgeois economists, 739.
Cultivated Land, must assist in feeding cattle, because there is not enough natural pasture, 892.
Cultivation, its extension does not depend upon a rise of prices, 786.
Cultivation, when inferior upon inferior soils, increases the rent upon superior soils, 823.
Currency and Capital, their distinction really a difference between the money form of revenue and that of capital, Currency, as an expenditure of revenue, Currency, its circulation as distinguished from that of capital, 475.
Currency, its total mass must increase if means of payment increase faster than means of purchase decrease, 543.
Currency Principle, disproved by cotton Currency Principle, disproved by figures of bank reserves for 10 years, 647.
Currency Principle disproved by trade Currency Principle, its refutation by the Currency Principle, its failure in Eng- Currency Principle of Ricardo, teaches that gold and paper both depreciate in proportion as the currency exceeds the normal business demand, Demand and Supply as much regulated by market-price and market-value as they are by demand and supply, 225.
Demand and supply in their relation to Demand and Supply, if balanced, leave the question open as to what determines value, 223.
Demand and Supply, never fully balanced, but tending towards a balance during a certain long period, 224.
Demand for productive consumption is a demand for the production of surplus-value, 222.
Deposits, are money-capital for the depositors, 599.
Deposits, loans given by the public to bankers, 555.
Deposits, their overwhelming portion exists but in the banker's books, 478.
Deposits, three-fourths of them in England drew no interest before the development of stock banks, 591.
Depreciation of capital in value may be accompanied by a rise of the rate of Profit, 134.
Depreciation in the value of labor-power releases variable capital, 136.
Depreciation in value of labor-power, its effects analyzed, 137.
Differences in the proportions between fixed and circulating capital do not necessarily imply differences in the time of turn-over, ISO.
Differential Rent, depends also upon the area of cultivated land, not merely upon the prices of production, 774.
Differential Rent, essential distinction between No. I and No. H, 798.
Differential Rent, its calculation differs according to whether it is made per acre or per capital, 799.
Differential Rent, its different aspects summed up in 13 tables, 834 and following.
Differential Rent, its general rule is that the market-value always stands above the total price of production, 773.
Dift'erential Rent, its law identical in rent No. I and No. II, 903.
Differential Rent, its law independent of the correctness of the assumption, that rent must arise from a price of production which is below the regulating average, 807.
Differential Rent, its parallelism with the succession of fertilities, 832.
Differential Rent, its two forms mutual limits for each other, 856.
Differential Rent, made up of products or of money, it shows different tendencies, 800.
Differential Rent, may arise by a succession from good to worse soil, or from bad to better soil, 771.
Differential Rent, may be produced even upon the worst soil, 857.
Differential Rent, may rise with a falling rate of profit, 796.
Differential Rent, none produced without an investment of capital, 824.
Differential Rent, two additional ways.
Index.
in which it may arise upon the worst Differential Rents, proportioned, not to the degrees but to the differences of fertility, 833.
Differential Rent No. I, its modification also gives rise to a new development of differential rent No. II, 831.
Differential Rent No. I, its tabular formulation, 764.
Differential Rent No. I, the historical basis, from which modern ground rent starts out, 791.
Differential Rent No. II, altered according to whether fertile or poor land is used, 795.
Differential Rent No. II, conclusions drawn from its analysis, 851.
Differential Rent No. II, conditioned upon differential rent No. I, 793.
Differential Rent No. II, four cases of its fluctuation with a falling price of Differential Rent No. II, investment of capital successively upon the same piece of land with varying rates of productivity, 787.
Differential Rent No. II, must be converted into differential rent Xo. I, before differential results can be ascertained, 844.
Differential Rent No. II, one of its peculiarities, which distinguish it from differential rent No. I, 808.
Differential Rent No. II, three cases, Differential Rent No. II, with a constant price of production, 801.
Differential Rent No. II, with a falling price of production, 810.
Differential Rent No. II, its decrease in grain and money with a falling price of production, 811.
Differential Rent No. II, three ways in which it differs from differential rent Differential Rent No. II, with a falling price of production and an increasing rate of productivity of the additional capital, may be produced eventually upon the worst soil, 821.
Differential Rent No. II, with a rising price of production, 828.
Discount, a means of balancing the credit given by the credit taken, 503.
Distribution, its interrelations with production, 1024.
Dividends do not help to level the rate of profit, because they represent a lower than the average rate, 282.
Dividends, their quarterly payment causes a fluctuation in the circulation of bank notes, 618.
Dress Makers, their poor health, 114.
Dress Makers, their unhealthy work East India Company, its drafts a tribute levied on India, 683.
Economic laws to be understood as approximating tendencies, 206.
Economic Romanticism, 467.
Economies gained in the generation of power by machinery, 116.
Economists admit overproduction of commodities but deny overproduction of capital, 301.
"Economist," tries to prove that the movements of loan capital are identical with those of industrial capital, 688.
Economists confuse merchants' capital with productive industrial capital, 381.
Effects of struggle of antagonistic capitalist interests shown in the destruction Engels, his share in Volume III, 12, 13.
Engels' Conundrum for economists, 18.
English Economists, look upon export of precious metals purely from an English point of view, not from an international one, 579.
English Farm Laborer, his abject condi- Exchange, between countries with different standards of metal, its rate is determined by the fluctuations in the relative value of these metals, 695.
Exchange, its rate fluctuates according to the shifting of the international balance, 674.
Exchange of commodities at their values represents a lower stage of production than exchange at prices of production, Exchange, its rate affected by the rate of interest, 687.
Exchange, its rate may be influenced by a circuitous international transaction, Excrements of Production and Consump- Excrements of Production, used in econ- Expansion of Capitalist Production, necessary in order to prevent excessive accumulation of money-capital, 489.
E.xpense, for the appropriation of surplus labor, reduced through cheapening of raw materials, 96.
Exploitation may yield no surplus-value at all, or realize only a part of it, Exports, directly affect the rates of exchange, if they transport goods, which require return payments, 677.
Factory Reports, on cotton industry, 146. Factory Reports, on fluctuations of prices, 145. Failings of capitalist economists in attempt to solve mystery of falling rate Fall in price of commodities accompanied by a relative increase of mass of profit, Fancies of economists concerning the self-producing faculties of capital, 464. Fictitious Capital, deprived of one of its sources by the completion of the Suez Financial Business first developed out of international commerce, 374_. Financial Capital, assumes function of Index. 1039 industrial money-capital in a part of Ground Rent, its seeming contradiction the circulation, 371. to the theory of value, 908.
Financial Capital, has not the special Ciround Kent, its total amount may rise form of circulation which commercial while its individual parts may fall, Financial Capital performs function of Ground Rent, justified by partisan. econoreceiving and paying money, 372. mists on the ground of its existence.
Fireman's attempted solution of the Con- 732.
tradiction, 24. Ground Rent, may disappear when the Fixed Capital, effects of its relative over- capitals of the same line, that are not production, 141. using a monopolized natural power, are Fixed Capital, its production and aug- able to introduce improvements by mentation runs ahead of that of or- which their cost price is reduced to ganic raw materials, 140. that of the capital producing ground Floating Capital, a form of loan capital rent, 759.
which retains its loaning form only for Ground Rent, the difficulty in its analya short period, 582. sis consists in explaining the excess of Fluctuations of Business advantageous agricultural profit over the average for the initiated, - 496. profit, 909.
Freedom, does not begin, until the point Ground Rent, the Marxian analysis starts is passed, where labor under the com- out from the assumption that agriculpulsion of necessity and of external tural products are sold at their prices utility is required, 954. of production, like industrial commod- Foreign Trade, by cheapening the ele- ities, 750.
ments of constant capital, tends to Ground Rent, the normal form of surcheck the falling tendency of the rate plus-production in feudal days, 910.
of profit, 278. _ Gold, disliked in Scotland, 6G1.
Foreign Trade develops the capitalist Gold, does not enter into consideration mode of production in the home coun- of English wholesale trade, (519.
try, 280. Gold, its discovery in recent times has Formulae of commercial capital compared raised the rate of interest, 623.
with those of producers' commodity- Gold, its drain does not necessarily bring capital, 321. on a crash, 667.
Formulae showing variations in the rates Gold, its excessive worship by bankers, Fullarton, his contrast between the de- Gold Exports, do not touch prices of mand for additional loan capital and commodities, but of securities, 646.
additional currency not correct, 532. Gold Reserve, its expansion and contraction in connection with a fall or rise of interest an indicator of busi- G ness conditions, 504.
Good Government, an alleged article of Gambling in fictitious capital yields ac- export, 684.
tual capital, 561.
Ground Rent and Interest, their rates H have the same general tendency to fall with the rate of profit, 284. Heat, saved when price of coal increased.
Ground Rent, due in tlie last analysis 117.
to unpaid productivity of the soil, Hoards, their different forms, 376.
792. Horner, Leonard, exposes violations of Ground Rent, due to ownership of land, law by English capitalists, 107.
not to that of capital, 757.
Ground Rent, effect of a doubling of the I acreage upon its mass and rate, 775.
Ground Rent, errors to be avoided in Increase of number of laborers with a its study, 743. falling rate of profit, 256 Ground Rent, falsely represented as a Increasing Deterioration of the position deduction of money from products, of the commercial proletariat 355 Ground Rent, in the form of labor rent, tions to supply and demand '^88 represents unpaid surplus-labor, 917. Individual commodity, a fall in hs "price Ground Rent, its amount determined by gives no clue to the rate of profit '^69 the independent development of so- Individual Commodities, contain less and cial labor, in which it does not take less unpaid labor as capital is con-Ground Rent, its dependence upon the Individual commodities must be considcost price and the price of production, ered in their relation to the total cap- 752-. ital which produces them, 268.
Ground Rent, its most elementary con- Industrial Profit, determines agricultural Ground Rent, its peculiarity is that the Industrial Capital does not become a landlord acquires more power to ap- commodity as capital in the form of propriate surplus-values in proportion commodity-capital or money-capital as the capitalist system develops, 749. 402. ' Index.
Industrial Capital, its turn-over limited by the time of circulation and the time of production, 325.
Insanity of Capitalist Production, shown in the conception of wages as interest, 5-JS.
Intermingling of production and circulation falsifies their characteristic marks of distinction, 57.
Interrelations between quantities of labor, of raw and auxiliary materials, machinery and other fixed capital, 291.
Interrelations of mass and rate of profit and mass and increase of capital, 290.
Interest-Bearing Capital, an antediluvian form of capital, 696.
Interest-Bearing Capital, attempts to subordinate it to commercial and industrial capital during transition to capitalism, 708.
Interest-Bearing Capital, distinguished from net profit producing capital by capitalists employing their own capital only when the ownership is vested in different individuals, 4o7.
Interest-Bearing Capital externalizes the relations of capital, 459.
Interest-Bearing Capital, gives to all revenue the appearance of interest on cap- Interest-Bearing Capital gives to capital the appearance of a mere thing, Interest-Bearing Capital, its character as a separate category explained, 441, Interest-Bearing Capital, its owner makes a commodity of it as capital, 404.
Interest-Bearing Capital, its peculiar circulation, 400.
Interest-Bearing Capital, its quantitative and qualitative character analyzed, 443.
Interest-Bearing Capital, its rate of profit determined like that of industrial cap- Interest-Bearing Capital places interest above profit, 461.
Interest-Bearing Capital, separated even by capitalist who employs his own capital from producing capital, 437.
Interest-Bearing Capital shows its character as a common capital of a class, Interest-Bearing Capital, surrounds itself with occult faculties, 715.
Interest as a category alien to the movements of industrial capital itself, Interest, a portion of the profit produced by a capital, 399.
Interest expresses the self-expansion of money-capital, 418.
Interest, its average rate not a tendency like that of average profit, 430.
Interest in the Middle Ages, 717.
Interest, its differences for different kinds of securities do not militate against its uniformness within a certain class of securities, 429.
Interest, its general rate appears as a uniform magnitude and not as a shifting one like the average rate of profit, Interest, its general rate fixed to a far greater degree by the world market than that of average profit, 432.
Interest, its high rate is not a cause of a high rate of profit, 500.
Interest, its legality recognized by medieval academies, 697.
Interest, its maximum limit marked by the profit itself, 421.
Interest, its rate highest during crises, Interest, its rate inversely proportional to the degree of industrial development, so far as interest depends upon profit, 423.
Interest, its rate may be raised through exceptional transactions, such as international state loans, 675.
Interest, its rate may leave the average rate of profit untouched but not the industrial profit, 502.
Interest, limit of its rate determined by the supply and demand of moneycapital, 495.
Interest may rise to a point where it swallows the greater portion of the profit, 499.
Interest, places the process of production in the light of not being opposed to labor, 449.
Interest, relation of its rate to the prices of commodities, 691.
Interest, relation of its rate to the value Interest rises and falls with the total profit, if its relation to the profit is Interest should not be called the price of capital, 417.
Interest, supposed to exist even if money Inventions bring economies, 124.
Imports, their relative preponderance over exports measured on the whole by metal reserves in central banks,