Plutarch's Lives, Volume 4 (of 4)
- Language:
- English
- Status:
- Complete work
- Authorship:
- Written by the author
- Condition of the text:
- No scanning noise detected (automatic measure over the whole text, not checked by hand)
- Extent:
- ~290,000 words · 1,386 passages
Cite this work
- APAPlutarch. (n.d.). Plutarch's Lives, Volume 4 (of 4). Digital reproduction: SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/en/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-lives-volume-4-of-4
- MLAPlutarch. Plutarch's Lives, Volume 4 (of 4). Digital reproduction, SigPhi, https://sigphiai.com/en/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-lives-volume-4-of-4.
- ChicagoPlutarch. Plutarch's Lives, Volume 4 (of 4). Digital reproduction, SigPhi. https://sigphiai.com/en/works/plutarch/plutarch-s-lives-volume-4-of-4.
Reference to the edition that SigPhi reproduces: SigPhi is its digital reproduction, not its publisher. The edition's year is not in the metadata (hence "n.d."), and the translator appears only when recorded.
What it is about
The fourth and last volume of a four-volume edition of the Parallel Lives.
Context and history
As with the other volumes of this edition: the catalogue holds TWO different presentations of the Lives — this one and another in a single volume — and they are not different works. The division into four is the publisher's. Plutarch wrote independent pairs, each with its closing comparison, which is why the reference that works everywhere is the subject's name and the chapter, not the page or the volume.
Editorial context, not a citable source: unlike the passages of the work itself, these statements cannot be checked against the corpus.
and by their beneficent measures continually increased their popularity, until, in the heat of the rivalry thus created, they found themselves pledged to a line of policy in which they could not even pause with honour, and which they could not desist from without disgrace. The reader, however, will be able to form his own opinion about them from their history, and I shall now write, as a parallel to them, the lives of that pair of Laconian reformers, Agis and Kleomenes, kings of Sparta, who, like the Gracchi, increased the power of the people, and endeavoured to restore an admirable and just constitution which had fallen into desuetude; but who, like them, incurred the hatred of the governing class, who were unwilling to relinquish their encroachments and privileges. These Lacedæmonians were not indeed brothers, yet they pursued a kindred policy, with the same objects in view. III. After the desire for silver and gold had penetrated into Sparta, the acquisition of wealth produced greed and meanness, while the use and enjoyment of riches was followed by luxury, effeminacy, and extravagance. Thus it fell out that Sparta lost her high and honoured position in Greece, and remained in obscurity and disgrace until the reign of Agis and Leonidas. Agis was of the Eurypontid line, the son of Eudamidas, and the sixth in descent from king Agesilaus, who invaded Asia, and became the most powerful man in Greece. This Agesilaus had a son named Archidamus, who fell in battle against the Messapians at the battle of Mandurium[1] in Italy. He was succeeded by his eldest son Agis, who, being killed by Antipater near Megalopolis, and leaving no issue, was succeeded by his brother, Eudamidas; he, by a son named Archidamus; and Archidamus by another Eudamidas, the father of Agis, the subject of this memoir.…